DR is the leading cause of blindness in the working force of developed countries and also acts as a significant cause of blindness in the elderly population. The overall prevalence of…
Retinal degeneration (RD) is a heterogeneous group of inherited retinal dystrophies that characterized by progressive photoreceptor apoptosis. Current therapeutic strategies against RD include gene therapy, nutritional supplements, antiapoptotic therapy, retinal…
A cataract is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Increasing evidence indicates that oxidative stress is an important risk factor contributing to the development of cataracts. Moreover, the enhancement…
Alkali burns cause corneal damage by pH change, ulceration, proteolyzes, and collagen synthesis defects. Alkali substances are lipophilic and penetrate the eye more rapidly than acids. The basic substance can…
The wound healing process following trauma-related injury is involved in the restoration of the integrity and function of the injured tissue. This process initiates an orderly but complex sequence of…
Schizophrenia? Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder in which people interpret reality abnormally. Schizophrenia may result in some combination of hallucinations, delusions, and extremely disordered thinking and behavior that impairs…
Bipolar Disorder? Bipolar disorder is a mental illness marked by extreme shifts in mood. Symptoms can include an extremely elevated mood called mania. They can also include episodes of depression….
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is a continuum, with incremental degrees of physiologic derangements in individual organs; it is a process rather than a single event. Alteration in organ function…
Radiotherapy is one of the three main methods of treatment for malignant tumors. According to the literature, 60–70% of patients with cancer receive radiotherapy. Since the skin is a biological…
With the development of thoracic surgeries, one-lung ventilation (OLV) has been routinely used to facilitate surgical exposure. However, OLV can cause lung injury during the surgical process and becomes an…
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