Hydrogen can exert antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activities via selectively neutralizing the cytotoxic ROS, such as the ·OH and ONOO–. Meanwhile, the signaling ROS playing metabolic roles, such as the superoxide and hydrogen, are far less affected. Unlike some antioxidant supplements with strong reductive reactivity, hydrogen neither disturbs the physiological oxidation reactions nor disrupts the essential defensive mechanisms.

Hydrogen can penetrate the membranes and diffuse into organelles (eg, the mitochondria and nuclear DNA), and thereby get access to the intracellular source of cytotoxic ROS. Based on the favorable distribution characteristic, hydrogen is highly effective for reducing the level of cytotoxic ROS, which impair the nuclear DNA and mitochondria. From the aspect of safety, hydrogen is advantageous to many other antioxidants as it shows no 0cytotoxicity even at high concentrations. These advantages indicate that the application of hydrogen therapy might act as a safe and effective strategy against ROS-related disorders without giving rise to serious side effects.

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Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24915536

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